Volcano Research

 This week, in Science we're learning about volcanoes and researching about one any volcano we chose, then after this research, we'll be making a handmade volcano in groups.

My chosen Volcano: Olympus Mons (largest volcano in our solar system)

Where is it?

It's on Mars.

When did it last erupt? 

According to the internet, Olympus Mons erupted 25 million years ago, it could be much older than this and would have been buried by younger lava flows.

Damage it has done?

If Olympus Mons was on Earth, it would be many times more powerful than any volcano on Earth. Any eruptions from Olympus Mons will cause global disaster and it's possible everyone would die without an underground shelter.

How and when was it formed?

Olympus Mons is the youngest of the large volcanoes on Mars and was formed in 19th century according to astronomers. It probably formed cause by a big convergent boundary where two or more plates collide.

Interesting random facts?

Olympus Mons is 22,000 meter big, so it's two times bigger than Mount Everest.

Myths/legends about it?

Has no myths or legends...

Volcano Pompeii ( we did this things to made our handmade volcano erupt ).

- 15mL of warm water

- 25mL of hydrogen peroxide

- 3 spatulas of potassium iodide into the warm water and stir

Here's the video of our handmade volcano:

Metal and Oxygen

When a metal reacts with oxygen it produces a metal oxide.

Our aim in this experiment is to make a metal oxide and observe the difference in properties of the product compared to the reactants.

The equipment we used are a piece of magnesium, Bunsen burner, safety glasses, and metal scissor tongs.

Method:

1) Light your Bunsen burner. 2) Hold your piece of magnesium in the scissor tongs. Ensure you are holding onto the very tip of the magnesium. 3) Place the other end of the magnesium into the Bunsen flame (at the top of the blue flame). 4) When the magnesium begins to burn, do not look directly at it, as the light emitted can permanently damage your eyes.

Observation: When the magnesium got burned, it lighten up for a while and turned into ashes. That's what I saw.

Metal and Acid

When a metal reacts with an acid, the same types of products are always formed.

Our aim for this experiment is to show that hydrogen gas is produced when a metal reacts with acid. 

The equipment we used are Bunsen burner, a test tube, a boiling tube, wooden splint, a bottle of acid, a piece of metal (Magnesium), and safety glasses.

Method: 1) Light your Bunsen burner. 2) Add your sample of metal to your test tube. Add 2mL of acid. 3) Carefully invert the boiling tube above the test tube containing the metal and acid. 4) Hold the test tubes together for a few minutes, allowing time for the inverted boiling tube to fill with gas. 5) When you think the tube is full, your lab partner should light a wooden splint. 6) Carefully, but quickly, tilt the boiling tube full of gas upwards and insert the burning splint into the mouth of the test tube.

Observation: As the magnesium reacted with the acid it released hydrogen gas going up stuck in the boiling tube that's upside down outside the test tube, then carefully and quickly burned that hydrogen gas , the boiling tube.

Making Indicators

The aim in this experiment we did is to make acid-base indicators using everyday substances. 
Equipment we used:
Red Cabbage, tea, beetroot, turmeric, cranberry juice, a beaker, water tripod, Bunsen burner, gauze mat, acid(HCI), and base(NaOH).

At first, we chop the cabbage into small pieces until it have enough to fill 2 cups, then place the cabbage in a large beaker and add water to cover the cabbage. Boil over a Bunsen burner for at least ten minutes for the colour to leach out of the cabbage. filter out the plant material to obtain a red-purple-bluish coloured liquid. This liquid is about pH 7. (The exact colour you get depends on the pH of the water.) Place in a small beaker and leave to one side, repeat this method for the beetroot. For the tea, put 100 ml of water into a beaker and boil. Turn off the Bunsen burner and put three tea bags in the beaker. Remove the tea bags when the tea is very strong. Place in a small beaker and leave to one side. For the cranberry juice, pour into a beaker and leave to one side. For the turmeric Mix 1 teaspoon turmeric in 100 mL cup of alcohol. Place in a small beaker and leave to one side.

The results:

Neutralisation

We did an experiment neutralisation meaning adding the right amount of acid and base together, our aim was to mix together acid and base and somehow turn it into colour green.

What we have to do to create a colour green is to balance or add the right amount of acid and base (Hydroxide). 
What I did first is to add a few drops of acid and base, next I then add a few drops of universal indicator to show what colour it turns to,it turned to colour red meaning it has many acid in it so I drop few of base, the more I drop few base the lesser red it turn, so I drop few of hydroxide until it gets colour green.

Model Atom

This week in science, we learnt about atoms and it was really cool knowing what atom is. We also did a project about atom, called model atom, each one of us made a handmade atom, every one has different type of atom, the atom I made is 'O' aka Oxygen.

The equipment we used are:
1 piece of card
30 centimetre of string
blue tac
coloured beads for protons + neutrons

Method: Stick p+n beads to blue tac
- Cut out rings from paper
- Draw electrons onto rings
- Create a label
- Tape string to back of paper so it can hang.

Atoms are made up of 3 main types of particles: electrons, protons and neutrons.The atom I did is Oxygen which has 16 mass number.
Number of protons or electrons = The atomic number. Therefore, the Oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8 electrons. Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number. Therefore, the Oxygen atom has 16 - 8 = 8 neutrons.
Atoms gain or lose to get full outer shell. For the first shell of an atom can only hold 2 electrons, for the second shell it can hold 8 electrons and for third also 8 electrons. For Oxygen, first shell hold 2 electrons and for the second shell has 6 electrons because Oxygen only has 8 electrons.

Smoking

First of all smoking is bad, really bad for your health.

What does smoking do to your body?

First your lungs, it damages it and shorten your breath. Cigarettes has nicotine which makes you addictive in smoking. Cigarettes gives you tars which is toxic and brings many cancers. Also it damages your nose which makes your smell get weak.

What is the long term effect?

There are many long term effect of cigarettes, the effects are stroke, brain damage, yellowing of whites of eyes, eye cataracts, macular degeneration, loss of sense, smell and taste, and many others.

What is the benefits of giving up?

It cleanses some of the cigarettes effect. Also exercise somehow can help you heal the effect of cigarettes. 

Is vaping any better?

Yes for me, because vape has flavor not like cigarettes, also vape doesn't get you cancer but it still gets your lungs bringing shorten of breath.

Also cigarettes gives you over 5 thousand chemicals.